Shotokan Karate
Gichin Funakoshi (1868-1957) is the developer of Shotokan Karate, one of the major styles of Karate today. It is named after a combination of two words: pine waves, and house. This style, also known as a Japanese karatedo ryu, was a combination of several styles that Karate masters, Azato Anko and Itosu Anko developed. It is a self defence system that stresses the importance of changing the mindset and attitude of the practitioner (also known as a Karate-ka), to become more disciplined and aware.
Techniques employ linear movement, which is considered more efficient than the circular movements of other martial arts styles (Shotokan was originally circular as well, but changed after realizing that linear was faster). There are several forms (kata) that exist in this style, and each form may vary in movement to a certain degree. Practitioners invest much power and strength in each technique performed in a form, making it quite appealing for those watching. There is absolute determination in the execution of each technique.
Sparring and Fighting in Shotokan Karate
Sparring is also an essential aspect of Shotokan Karate, much to Gichin Funakoshi’s dismay, as he believed forms were most important to the development of one’s ability in self defence. However, a shift towards sparring occurred to acquire practical experience that, was believed by his successors, could not be acquired through forms alone. It is so important that it has heavily influenced other styles of martial arts in its point system. In Japanese, sparring is translated as kumite, and the All Japan Karate Championships is one of the most prestigious tournaments in the country today.