Wushu
Wushu in modern times is more of a sport that originated in China during Communism. Following World War II, this martial art was designed as a way to preserve martial arts as an essential aspect of traditional Chinese culture, but to also eliminate its ferocity and strength as a means of self defence. This was done to remove any threat of its practitioners becoming able to effectively rebel against the Communist government.
An international competition of Wushu is held every other year, overseen by the International Wushu Federation. The martial art/sport has become so popular that it will be an exhibition sport at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing.
Wushu Competition
The majority of Wushu practitioners aspire to participate in competition.
Wushu competition is a comprised of forms, performed alone or with a partner. Forms are a combination of predetermined movements and techniques, with competitors barehanded or utilizing traditional Chinese weapons. These weapons can include a type of sword, staff, or spear. Some movements may be unique to the competitor, but must only exist if they are included as a display of an extremely high level of ability.
Sparring (Sanshou/Sanda) in Wushu Competition
Another aspect of Wushu competition is sparring, called Sanshou. This type of sparring involves two opponents wearing protective gear (helmet, chest protector, groin protector, shinguards) and boxing gloves in a ring for a number of rounds. It is similar to kickboxing, but competitors may also use some grappling techniques that are derived from Chin Na. Rules governing matches are slightly different as well. Sanshou can also be called Sanda.
See the Origins of Wushu.